Products of this pathogen are available as blastospore/conidial formulations ( Avery et al., 2013). I. fumosorosea are well known for their activity against aphids, thrips, leafminers, plant bugs ( Zimmermann, 2008). Isaria fumosorosea (formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) another member of Clavicipitaceae also commonly used for microbial pesticide preparation. The species has been effectively used in controlling whiteflies, mites, weevils and thrips ( Arthurs and Dara, 2019). Metarhizium produces a group of enzymes responsible for cuticle degradation known as subtilisin-like serine protease, metalloproteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, dipeptidyl peptidase, aminopeptidase and chitinase (reviewed in Zimmermann, 2007). Mode of action is common as with other entomopathogenic fungi where infectious spores (conidium/blastospore) enters through the cuticle, spiracle or the mouth or the anal opening and passes to insect hemocoel, release toxin causing insect death. Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium acridum are the entomopathogens of the Clavicipitaceae family which were well explored in biopesticide formulation. Pooja Singh, Purabi Mazumdar, in Biopesticides, 2022 5.2.2.2 Clavicipitaceae This is the first fungal metallocarboxypeptidase to be characterized. The largest of these provided the sequence for MeCPA. Ten thousand plaques were screened and 10 were positive. Discovery was based on cloning RNA from genes expressed when the fungus was grown on insect cuticle. Leger succeeded in identifying a true fungal metallocarboxypeptidase that they designate by the abbreviation MeCPA. However, it did not appear to be a true metallocarboxypeptidase because the active site serine was blocked by DipF. that was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. Although fungi typically contain serine carboxypeptidase activity, a novel carboxypeptidase was discovered in Metarhizium anisopliae by St. This protease activity is then followed by the action of exopeptidases such as carboxypeptidases, which release individual amino acids of the host for nutritional utilization. This is the major protein secreted into the host cuticle during invasion. The main enzyme involved in this growth appears to be a subtilisin-like serine protease that initiates protein degradation. Metarhizium anisopliae is a fungus that grows upon insect host cuticle. Fred Woessner, in Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes (Third Edition), 2013 Name and History
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